Fig. 6

District-level life expectancy at birth \(({e_0})\) in India, Female NFHS-5 (2019–21). Figure 6 displays the life expectancy at birth \(({e_0})\) for females in India at the district level from NFHS-5 (2019–21). The range of \({e_0}\) is from 57.2 to 88.4 years. The highest \({e_0}\) is in Azamgarh district from Uttar Pradesh at 88.4 years, while the lowest \({e_0}\) is in Godda district from Jharkhand at 57.2 years. There are eight districts with a \({e_0}\) of less than 60 years. The \({e_0}\) distribution is classified into seven categories. Dark green shaded districts have higher life expectancy, while deep red shaded districts have lower life expectancy. Districts shaded in deep green have a life expectancy of 85 years or more and are mostly located in southern and western regions, as well as northeastern and central regions. Districts shaded in deep red have a life expectancy below 60 years and are primarily found in central region states. In summary, there are significant variations in female \({e_0}\) across districts in India. Note: The disputed regions were added to “Data Not Available” category