Skip to main content

Table 1 Study population characteristics across racial/ethnic groups (weighted)

From: Racial/ethnic differences in the associations between trust in the U.S. healthcare system and willingness to test for and vaccinate against COVID-19

 

 Total (N = 5,121)

AI/AN (n = 456)

Asian

(n = 923)

Black/AA (n = 946)

Hispanic/

Latino ELP (n = 462)

Hispanic/

Latino SLP (n = 487)

Multiracial

(n = 471)

NH/PI

(n = 460)

White

(n = 916)

Age, %

         

 18–34

35.7

35.3

34.4

34.5

44.0

36.3

48.7

37.4

26.2

 35–49

27.2

24.1

29.7

24.1

27.1

36.4

24.9

34.3

22.0

 50–64

23.9

26.0

23.3

27.1

13.5

24.2

17.9

22.2

29.4

 ≥65

13.2

14.6

12.5

14.3

15.5

3.0

8.5

6.1

22.5

Gender, %

         

 Man

44.3

35.7

45.7

46.6

49.8

38.7

46.7

33.6

48.9

 Woman

53.9

61.5

52.8

52.7

49.1

60.9

46.3

63.6

50.1

 Nonbinary

1.2

2.5

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.2

4.8

0.3

0.9

 Transgender

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

2.0

0.0

 Not listed

0.4

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.3

0.0

1.9

0.5

0.1

Education, %

         

 High school or less

40.6

43.4

25.0

42.7

53.0

66.9

33.0

46.9

33.5

 Some college, 2-year college

33.4

45.2

24.6

38.2

32.0

21.1

37.7

38.2

34.0

 4-year college

16.2

7.1

29.8

11.7

8.3

9.3

19.4

11.4

20.3

 Post-graduate

9.7

4.2

20.6

7.5

6.7

2.7

9.8

3.4

12.2

Annual Household Income, %

         

 < $20,000

30.4

42.9

18.7

41.9

30.6

32.3

25.1

38.8

21.2

 $20,000–49,000

31.5

31.5

26.6

30.6

35.4

48.2

28.3

27.3

30.0

 $50,000-100,000

24.5

18.5

28.6

18.8

24.0

15.5

32.1

25.4

29.9

$100,000

13.7

7.0

26.1

8.7

10.0

4.1

14.5

8.6

18.9

Political Ideology, %

         

 Conservative

23.7

29.1

18.8

15.5

22.0

17.9

16.3

26.3

41.0

 Liberal

29.3

21.8

33.1

31.3

32.8

26.5

41.9

19.2

25.4

 Moderate

32.4

30.0

38.7

36.8

32.1

28.0

31.5

30.2

26.6

 Not sure

14.6

19.0

9.4

16.4

13.2

27.6

10.3

24.3

7.1

Health Insurance Coverage, %

         

 Covered

84.0

87.2

90.4

83.8

81.6

57.7

88.0

82.8

90.1

 Not Covered

16.0

12.8

9.6

16.2

18.4

42.3

12.0

17.2

9.9

High-Risk Chronic Health Condition, %

         

 High-risk

40.7

50.3

32.6

47.4

36.0

29.7

40.6

41.6

45.3

 Not high-risk

59.3

49.7

67.4

52.6

64.0

70.3

59.4

58.4

54.7

Willingness to Test for COVID-19, %

         

 Unwilling to test

17.1

20.4

16.8

17.9

14.7

9.8

18.1

13.9

21.0

 Willing to test

82.9

79.6

83.2

82.1

85.3

90.2

81.9

86.1

79.0

Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine, %

         

 Definitely not

17.5

29.1

8.6

22.1

13.9

11.2

18.5

17.0

20.8

 Probably not

17.6

15.8

12.9

22.9

16.5

12.3

18.9

27.6

15.6

 Probably yes

28.9

27.6

31.5

28.5

33.7

35.9

23.8

29.0

23.9

 Definitely yes

36.0

27.6

47.1

26.5

36.0

40.5

38.9

26.4

39.6

Trust in the U.S. healthcare system, %

         

 Never

10.8

9.2

10.4

11.9

13.5

12.1

5.5

17.7

8.2

 Almost Never/Sometimes

37.6

42.5

29.9

50.0

36.0

34.4

43.5

40.6

28.4

 Most of the time

37.0

33.1

43.0

27.5

35.6

28.6

42.2

29.0

49.1

 Always

14.6

15.2

16.7

10.7

14.9

24.9

8.7

12.8

14.4

  1. a Weighted to be nationally representative within each racial/ethnic group
  2. b AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native; Black/AA = Black/African American; Hispanic/Latino ELP = Hispanic/Latino English Language Preference; Hispanic/Latino SLP = Hispanic/Latino Spanish Language Preference; NH/PI = Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
  3. c The high-risk chronic health condition covariate was created based on the February 2021 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) list of
  4. medical conditions that increase risk of severe illness due to COVID-19 (Kates, J., L. Dawson, and J. Tolbert. The Next Phase of
  5. Vaccine Distribution: High-Risk Medical Conditions. 2021; Available from: https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/the-next-phase-of-vaccine-distribution-high-risk-medical-conditions/). High-risk chronic health condition was coded as 1 if participants reported at least one medical condition that was considered high-risk according to the CDC.
  6. d All categories of sociodemographic characteristics varied significantly between racial/ethnic group (p < 0.05)