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Table 3 Joint association of hypertension and depression with all-cause and CVD mortality

From: Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models

 

Hypertension absent, depression absent

Hypertension present, depression absent

Hypertension absent, depression present

Hypertension present, depression present

P for trend

Number of participants

16315

15744

1425

1668

 

All-cause mortality

 Events/Person-years

699/129845

2493/112675

97/11036

300/11453

 

 Mortality ratesa

4.2 (3.8-4.7)

16.7 (15.4-18.0)

8.3 (6.0-10.6)

22.2 (18.5-25.8)

 

 Model 1

Reference

4.0 (3.6-4.5)

2.0 (1.5-2.7)

5.4 (4.4-6.5)

<0.001

 Model 2

Reference

1.2 (1.1-1.3)

2.0 (1.5-2.7)

2.1 (1.8-2.5)

<0.001

 Model 3

Reference

1.2 (1.0-1.4)

1.6 (1.1-2.3)

1.7 (1.3-2.1)

<0.001

CVD mortality

 Events/Person-years

164/129845

808/112675

23/11036

93/11453

 

 Mortality ratesa

0.9 (0.7-1.0)

5.3 (4.7-5.9)

1.6 (0.8-2.4)

6.7 (4.8-8.7)

 

 Model 1

Reference

6.1 (5.0-7.5)

1.9 (1.1-3.2)

7.9 (5.5-11.4)

<0.001

 Model 2

Reference

1.5 (1.2-1.9)

2.2 (1.3-3.6)

2.9 (2.0-4.2)

<0.001

 Model 3

Reference

1.5 (1.1-2.1)

1.5 (0.8-3.0)

2.3 (1.4-3.7)

<0.001

  1. Model 1 did not adjust any confounders. Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of CVD, history of cancer, length of physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, antidepressant use, and substance use
  2. CVD Cardiovascular disease, CI Confidence interval
  3. aPer 1000-person years